Do I need a pension plan audit?

A Large Plan is a pension (profit sharing, 401(k), money purchase, etc.) Plan that has over 100 participants at the beginning of the Plan year. A participant is defined as follows:

• Active participants - those individuals currently employed with the plan sponsor and who are covered under the plan and are receiving credited services. An active participant would include those employees who have elected to participate in the Plan as well as those who are eligible to participate but have elected not to do so.
• Retired or separated participants - those individuals who are no longer employed by the employer but who are receiving benefits or are entitled to receive benefits under the Plan. A common example would be a former employee who maintains an account balance in the Plan.
• Deceased participants - those individuals who are deceased and have one or more beneficiaries receiving or entitled to receive benefits.

If the Plan qualifies as a Large Plan, it must file Schedule H to form 5500 and have the Plan audited by a qualified independent public accountant. If the Plan has fewer than 100 participants at the beginning of the Plan year, it will file Schedule I Small Plan with its 5500 and forego the required audit. If the Plan is a new Plan, then you must determine the number of participants as of the first day participants were eligible to participate in the Plan.

Exceptions to the Audit Requirement

Short Plan Year
If the Plan would qualify as a large Plan and its Plan year is seven months or less, the Plan sponsor may elect to defer the audit requirement to the following Plan year. In the subsequent year, if the Plan qualifies as a small Plan, the Plan sponsor will nevertheless be required to have the Plan audited for the short Plan year.

80 to 120 Participant Rule
If the number of participants reported in Part II, line 6, of Form 5500 is between 80 and 120 and a Form 5500 was filed in the prior year, the filer may elect to complete the current year�s Form 5500 in the same category (large or small Plan) as was filed in the previous year. For example, if the number of participants at the beginning of the Plan year is 110, and a Form 5500 was filed in the previous year as a small Plan (Schedule I was filed instead of Schedule H), the filer may elect to continue to file Schedule I and forego the audit requirement. However, if the participant count is 121, then regardless of what category of Plan was filed in the previous year, the current year�s form 5500 must include Schedule H and the Plan must be audited.

Since the audit requirement is solely dependent on the number of participants, an accurate participant count is critical. A Plan sponsor has the option of distributing participant account balances for inactive participants providing their vested account balance is $5,000 or less. Accordingly, if your participant count is such that you may be required to have the Plan audited, you may consider distributing inactive account balances under $5,000 to the participants prior to the end of the Plan year.